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Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Towards Conflictual Narrative MechanicsWe propose a five steps methodology to retrieve, reconstruct and analyse conflict related narratives in a standardized and automated way. Our methodology combines AI and network analysis techniques to build a visual representation of key agents and entities involved in a conflict and to characterize their relations. Unlike the majority of existing methods, ours can be applied to any type of conflict, as, through two data downloading phases, it first generates a bird’s-eye representation and then a fine-grained map of any conflict. Given the broad applicability of the proposed methodology, we believe that this work moves the first steps towards a better understanding of conflictual narrative mechanics.Konferenzbeitrag25 31 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Narrativizing Knowledge Graphs(RWTH Aachen, 2022); ; ; ; Any natural language expression of a set of facts – that can be represented as a knowledge graph – will more or less overtly assume a specific perspective on these facts. In this paper we see the conversion of a given knowledge graph into natural language as the construction of a narrative about the assertions made by the knowledge graph. We, therefore, propose a specific pipeline that can be applied to produce linguistic narratives from knowledge graphs using an ontological layer and corresponding rules that turn a knowledge graph into a semantic specification for natural language generation. Critically, narratives are seen as necessarily committing to specific perspectives taken on the facts presented. We show how this most commonly neglected facet of producing summaries of facts can be brought under control.Konferenzbeitrag16 32 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, An Ontological Model of User Preferences(RWTH Aachen, 2023); ; ; ; The notion of preferences plays an important role in many disciplines including service robotics which is concerned with scenarios in which robots interact with humans. These interactions can be favored by robots taking human preferences into account. This raises the issue of how preferences should be represented to support such preference-aware decision making. Several formal accounts for a notion of preferences exist. However, these approaches fall short on defining the nature and structure of the options that a robot has in a given situation. In this work, we thus investigate a formal model of preferences where options are non-atomic entities that are defined by the complex situations they bring about.Konferenzbeitrag20 27 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Auditory Display for Telerobotic Transnasal Surgery Using a Continuum Robot(World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2019-05-16); ; ; ; Tubular continuum robots can follow complex curvilinear paths to reach restricted areas within the body. Using teleoperation, these robots can help minimize incisions and reduce trauma. However, drawbacks include the lack of haptic feedback and a limited view of the situs, often due to camera occlusion. This work presents novel auditory display to enhance interaction with such continuum robots to increase accuracy and path-following efficiency and reduce cognitive workload. We recreate a typical use case with a test environment that simulates a transnasal intervention through the sphenoidal sinus including a simulated continuum robot. Distance information is mapped to changes in a real-time audio synthesizer using sung voice to provide navigation cues. User studies with novice participants and clinicians were performed to evaluate the effects of auditory display on accuracy, task time, path following efficiency, subjective workload, and usability. When using auditory display, participants exhibit significant increase in accuracy, efficiency, and task time compared to visual-only display. Auditory display reduced subjective workload and raised usefulness and satisfaction ratings. The addition of auditory display for augmenting interaction with a teleoperated continuum robot has shown to benefit performance as well as usability. The method could benefit other scenarios in navigated surgery to increase accuracy and reduce workload.Wissenschaftlicher ArtikelBand:4Heft:2107 143 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, An Interactive-Shoe For Surgeons: Hand-Free Interaction With Medical 2D Data(2018-04-20); ; ; ; During interventions, surgeons often need to review medical imaging data, e.g., CT scans. Usually, surgeons need to rely on an assistant to browse the images because of sterility requirements. Communication with a substitute operator is tedious and error-prone if the operator does not have an equal level of professional experience and might interrupt the workflow. We present a sensor-integrated shoe allowing surgeons to browse and manipulate 2D medical image data by foot movement. It is portable and wearable. The shoe uses an optical sensor taken from an off-the-shelf computer mouse for tracking the foot movements and an additional micro-switch to turn it on or off. We evaluated the performance of the shoe interface against a control condition with assistant together with ten surgeons in an empirical user study. Our results provide first indications for the effectiveness of a shoe interface in this application area.Konferenzbeitrag124 142 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Human factors in access control: analysis and design(2025-06-30); ; ; The ubiquity of communication technologies has led to the increased need of users to regulate access to their data. Traditional access control systems were mostly developed for military, governmental, and organizational settings. Even more, many of them assumed the presence of a responsible central authority that authors and enforces security policies. This is not true anymore. The development of Internet technologies and high availability of personal devices create new demands from users. In collaborative environments, where a central authority is missing or not completely responsible for user data, the user needs convenient methods to regulate access to their data. Contemporary research approaches the problem of usable access control systems in different ways. One of the directions is dedicated to behavioral and perceptual aspects: how users perceive the permission management and what they do to achieve their access control goals. Although this approach provides useful observations, the existing research exhibits a number of inconsistencies. Another direction leverages prototype and model development, revealing a different problem: it is hardly possible to make a useful generalization based on individual use cases. In this thesis we investigate the principles that underlie user perception of access control systems. We start from exploratory study of privacy protection behaviors. Subsequently, moving to a more specific level of access control, we rely on cognitive science and state that the utilization of visual metaphors and categorization might be beneficial for end users. The thesis presents two case studies to test these assumptions. Additionally, we further investigate the mechanism of categorization and design two models for collaborative platforms. The models have been tested for feasibility in simulated environments. Our results suggest that both metaphors and categorization can be leveraged to improve different aspects of the access control system usability. First, we found out that visual metaphors are capable of implicitly transferring information about an access control system. Second, we established some prominent parallels between categorization in human cognition and the corresponding mechanisms of access control. Lastly, we demonstrated the applicability of categories as the main primitives of user-centric access control models.Dissertation76 66 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Vibro-Band: Supporting Needle Placement for Physicians with VibrationsMedical images and navigation systems support physicians during needle-based interventions. As the information is primarily displayed on monitors, the physician's attention is drawn away from the patient's body. To address this issue, we explore the additional use of a vibration wristband that directs the movements for needle-based operations via different vibration patterns on the operator's arm. We conducted a first user study comparing the combination of tactile and visual guidance versus visual-only feedback with 12 participants to investigate the general feasibility. Our results show that task times, usability scores, cognitive load, and accuracy are comparable for both conditions suggesting that vibration feedback is generally suitable for medical navigation tasks and warranting further iteration and research in this direction.Konferenzbeitrag93 117 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, "My, my, how can i resist you?" - Examining User Reactions to Bogus Explanations of AI PredictionIn human-AI-collaboration tasks, explanations with low faithfulness but high plausibility might be used to invoke unwarranted trust in the AI. We propose the term bogus explanations for these kinds of explanations and compare their effect on participant behavior to that of no explanation, for the task of determining if a Eurovision Song Contest song is a winner or a loser. Our study found that participants tended towards their own intuitive choices. Fewer of the users that were provided with bogus explanations followed the AI’s suggestions and they were more critical of the AI’s performance, but at the same time, they reported that they trusted the AI more than the group without explanations.Konferenzbeitrag32 17 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Narrative ObjectsIn this work we operate on the view that the pragmatic employment of objects by an agent is manifested via their affordances for that specific agent. What affordances can manifest themselves in a particular situation depends, in part, on the dispositions offered by the particular objects involved. The contribution of this work is to construct and deploy a large scale formal model of dispositions for physical objects that can be employed to constrain and describe the roles they can play in narratives.Konferenzbeitrag21 20 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Dynamic Action Selection Using Image Schema-based Reasoning for Robots(RWTH Aachen, 2021); ; ; ; Dealing with robotic actions in uncertain environments has been demonstrated to be hard. Many classic planning approaches to robotic action make the closed world assumption, rendering them inefficient for everyday household activities, as they function without generalizability to other contexts or the ability to deal with unexpected changes. In contrast, humans robustly execute underspecified instructions in unfamiliar environments. In this paper, we initiate our research program where we propose the use of functional relations in the form of image-schematic micro-theories, formally represented in ISL𝐹 𝑂𝐿, to enrich action descriptors with semantic components. It builds on the body of work in embodied cognition showing that human conceptualization of action sequences is founded on abstract patterns learned from physical experiences in the form of spatiotemporal relationships between object, agents and environments. These theories are used to inform action selection mechanisms for behavioral robotics written in EL++ and we argue how these micro-patterns can be applied in a more general way to deal with underspecified action commands and commonsense problem-solving.Konferenzbeitrag80 50