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    Johann Heinrich Lamberts Cosmologische Briefe. Eine wissenschaftsphilosophische Untersuchung
    Johann Heinrich Lambert's Cosmological Letters was published 1761 in Augsburg. Lambert tried to expose a theory of the structure of the universe as a whole, that is, a theory that was able to involucrate all sorts of observed celestial bodies, like 'fixed stars' und nebulae. Lambert tackles his task mixing two disciplines, which in principle seem to be incompatible: Newtonian physics and teleology. Lambert's speculative and imaginative way to formulate his hypotheses shows resemblances to the way of making science developed during the romantic period, disagreeing with the methods of enlightenment, movement to which Lambert is usually associated. A central aspect of this thesis is to study Lambert's figure in relation to this two traditions, with the finality to deal with the compression of his ideas in depth, in light of the transition between the enlightened vision of the world and the romantic one.
    doctoral thesis
      441  142
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    Unity in Ecology?An Investigation of Patterns, Problems, and Unifying Concepts of Population Ecology, Systems Ecology and Evolutionary Ecology
    Ecology is a pluralist discipline in which I distinguish between three basic approaches according to their way of explaining. These approaches are population ecology, systems ecology and evolutionary ecology. However, I demonstrate that it is possible to unify the different theories and methods in ecology by means of evolutionary theory. There are many connections between ecology and evolution. Complex systems probably evolved via different forms of co-evolution. In case of strong co-evolution, ecological and evolutionary units can hardly be distinguished and they evolve together. It is possible to arrive at a unity of ecology by means of evolutionary explanations that increase our understanding and derive the existence of contemporary systems from simpler states of a past long ago. This form of unifying explanation does not need fundamental laws. One just needs general causal mechanisms of change like mutation and selection and some starting points from which all the investigated phenomena evolved. Nevertheless, physics is considered the paradigmatic scientific discipline providing unity by means of fundamental laws. By assuming that there are no fundamental laws in physics, the differences between the structure of physical and ecological explanation will decrease. The individual-historical aspect of ecology will as well become an important part of physics. For this reason, one should consider ecology a discipline that is nearer to nature than physics. Therefore, ecology should replace physics as the paradigmatic scientific discipline.
    doctoral thesis
      301  425
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    Fiktionen und mögliche Welten: Epistemologie von Gedankenexperimenten in Naturwissenschaft und Literatur
    Ich zeige für einige Gedankenexperimente in der Literatur Ähnlichkeiten hinsichtlich der Funktion mit Gedankenexperimenten aus der Naturwissenschaft. Die Funktion ist in den meisten Fällen, eine Überzeugung beim Rezipienten in Bezug auf die wirkliche Welt zu ändern. Wie Gedankenexperimente, die fiktional sind, eine derartige empirische Funktion haben können, stelle ich mit Hilfe der Theorie möglicher bzw. fiktionaler Welten dar. Umso näher die gedankenexperimentellen, fiktionalen Welten an der wirklichen Welt angesiedelt sind, desto überzeugender sind die Gedankenexperimente. Am Ende erlaubt die Theorie fiktionaler Welten, die Qualität von Gedankenexperimenten, soweit es ihre Funktion betrifft, zu bewerten.
    magister thesis
      543  249
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    In Search for an Ontology of Quantum Field Theory
    The core of my doctoral thesis consists in the establishment and evaluation of different ontological interpretations of quantum field theory. I thus seek for an ontological picture of the most fundamental level of the physical world, under the assumption that quantum field theory provides a true description. I defend the view that algebraic quantum field theory is the most important formulation when ontological questions are concerned. Some of my more extensive studies deal with different substance ontologies as well as with process-ontological approaches. Eventually, I propose a dispositional trope ontology, according to which particularized properties and not substances are the most basic entities, in terms of which all other entities are to be analysed.
    doctoral thesis
      359  433