SOCIUM SFB 1342 WorkingPapers

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The trajectory of food security policies in South Africa, 1910-1994. The persistence of food subsidies
(2021)
Chipenda, Clement
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Veit, Alex
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Pauly, Jonas
Related processes of capitalist development, apartheid, and political contention determined South Africa’s public food politics and policies during the 20th cen- tury. This paper provides a chronological and comparative analysis of the emer- gence and transformation of food-related policies from South Africa’s foundation as a semi-independent settler state to the democratic revolution. We centrally argue that while apartheid ideology, capital interest and liberal and democratic opposition often conflicted, interests also converged in some regards. To explain policies that both confirmed and contradicted a seemingly unambiguous racist ideology, we employ a process-sociological figurational approach that reveals the interweaving of political, economic and symbolic developments. Based on primary sources from the archives and secondary literature, we compare two food security policies: school meals and food subsidies. We show that a highly symbolic conflict about school meals ended with excluding African students, part of a welfare state trajectory that gradually abandoned non-whites. However, a much costlier, non-discriminatory redistributive food subsidy system did mean- while strive and expand. The apartheid regime reclined responsibility for African children’s welfare. Simultaneously, a vast food subsidy system included the non- white population as consumers and labour force.
Bericht
Band:9
48 200
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Policy pollination. A brief history of social protection’s brief history in Africa
(2020)
Devereux, Stephen
The relatively recent emergence and sustained rise of social protection as a Policy agenda in Africa can be understood as either a nationally owned or ‘donor-driven’ process. While elements of both can be seen in different countries at different times, this paper focuses on the pivotal role of transnational actors, specifically international development agencies, as ‘policy pollinators’ for social protection. These agencies deployed a range of tactics to induce African governments to implement cash transfer programmes and establish social protection systems, including: (1) building the empirical evidence base that cash transfers have positive impacts, for advocacy purposes; (2) financing social protection Programmes until governments take over this responsibility; (3) strengthening state capacity to deliver social protection, through technical assistance and training workshops; (4) commissioning and co-authoring national social protection policies; (5) encouraging the domestication of international social protection law into national legislation. Despite these pressures and inducements, some governments have resisted or implemented social protection only partially and reluctantly, either because they are not convinced or because their political interests are not best served by allocating scarce resources to cash transfer programmes. This raises Questions about the extent to which the agendas of development agencies are aligned or in conflict with national priorities, and whether social protection programmes and systems would flourish or wither if international support was withdrawn.
Buch
Band:8
21 20
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Causal mechanisms in the making of China‘s social insurance system: Policy experimentation, top-leader intervention, and elite cooperation
(2020)
Ten Brink, Tobias
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Müller, Armin
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Liu, Tao
Since the initiation of reform and opening policies, social protection for urban workers in the People’s Republic of China has transformed massively. Before the 1980s, state-owned enterprises were responsible for protecting workers from social risks such as old age, accidents, and illness. Today, these three areas are organized as contribution-based social insurance systems with Chinese characteristics. This paper identifies the causal mechanisms that led to the introduction of insurance schemes in the 1990s and early 2000s. We find three causal mechanisms: (neutral and strategic) policy experimentation, top-leader intervention, and (consensus-based and enforced) elite cooperation. Moreover, we demonstrate that the presence or absence of complementarity between the international environment and the domestic actor constellation had a decisive effect on how those mechanisms played out in the policy fields of urban pension, health and work accident insurance.
Bericht
Band:7
54 41
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Colonial empires, actor constellations, and their legacies
(2020)
Becker, Bastian
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Shriwise, Amanda
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Schmitt, Carina
Colonialism is a multifaceted phenomenon characterized by the establishment of political control, the subjugation of local populations, and economic exploitation. Even though most of today’s nation states have been colonized and subordinated to others at some point, many questions about how colonial legacies influence past and contemporary polities, politics, and policies in former colonies remain unanswered. In this paper, we address colonialism as a particular kind of transnational governance and put actors, their constellations, and strategic interactions at the center of the analysis. We argue that this actor-centric approach serves as an analytical and heuristic tool to bring about a more comprehensive and specific understanding of how colonial legacies manifest. This helps us to detect differences and similarities across and within Empires and also to identify changes and continuities between the pre- and post-independence eras.
Buch
Band:6
38 78
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Measuring Legal Segmentation in Labour Law
(2020)
Dingeldey, Irene
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Fechner, Heiner
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Gerlitz, Jean-Yves
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Hahs, Jenny
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Mückenberger, Ulrich
The Standard Employment Relationship (SER) in industrialised countries is associated with strong protection for employees who fulfil its criteria, but tends to neglect those who do not. However, comparative quantitative research in labour law so far has mainly focused on the overall level of employment protection in the North-Western Hemisphere. We ask how legal segmentation in labour law, i.e. the exclusion from and gradation in employment protection, can be conceptualised and measured in a global perspective. Drawing on leximetrics, a method to quantify norms, we make use of and extend existing datasets such as the CBR-LRI and EPLex. We identify three main functions of individual employment law in the protection/segmentation context: the standard-setting (S), privileging (P), and equalising (E) function. Assuming that the three functions are mutually independent, we develop the SPE typology - a typology of employment law models. Building on that, we sketch out a measurement concept that breaks the functions down into dimensions, aspects, and 36 observable indicators that are informed by specific legal norms. The SPE typology offers a genuinely new perspective for comparative labour regulation research, allowing a differentiation of SER patterns and path dependencies. The collection of data for 151 countries partly back to 1880 expands existing datasets conceptually, geographically, and historically.
Bericht
Band:5
58 146
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Die gesellschaftliche Legitimierung von irregulären live-in Arrangements in Privathaushalten. Hegemoniale und ambivalente Darstellungen im deutschen Mediendiskurs
(2019)
Storath, Greta-Marleen
Derzeit leben und arbeiten schätzungsweise 300 000 bis 400 000 Care- Arbeiter*innen in deutschen Privathaushalten, um pflegebedürftige Menschen zu versorgen. Diese sogenannten live-in Arrangements befinden sich in einer rechtlichen Grauzone und sind geprägt von prekären Arbeitsbedingungen, fehlenden sozialen Absicherungen und transnationalen Lebenssituationen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, wie diese irregulären live-in Arrangements im Mediendiskurs konstruiert und legitimiert werden und welche Rolle dabei die Kategorien Geschlecht, Ethnizität und Klasse spielen. Im Rahmen einer Wissenssoziologischen Diskursanalyse wurden 224 Zeitungsartikel aus fünf überregionalen Tageszeitungen analysiert. Im ersten Schritt wurden drei Argumentationsstrukturen herausgearbeitet: Die Skandalisierung fordert eine strafrechtliche Verfolgung der Arrangements; die Problematisierung kritisiert die Arbeits- und Lebenssituationen innerhalb der livein Arrangements; die Normalisierung bildet den hegemonialen Diskurs und konstituiert die Arrangements als akzeptiertes und alternativloses Pflegesetting. Im zweiten Schritt wurde die Darstellung der Care-Arbeiter*innen, Pflegebedürftigen und Angehörigen sowie deren Verhältnis zueinander analysiert. Dieses Verhältnis ist ambivalent und spannungsvoll, es bewegt sich auf einem Spektrum zwischen Familienersatz und Fremdheit, zwischen Hierarchien und Win-Win-Situationen. Im letzten Schritt wird die Narration als sprachliches Mittel des Mediendiskurses dargestellt. Es ist eine Geschichte von einsamen Pflegebedürftigen, erschöpften Angehörigen und liebenswerten, engagierten Care-Arbeiter*innen.
Bericht
Band:4
90 70
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Uncovering the colonial legacy: An analytical framework for examining the long-term effects of colonialism on social policy
(2026)
Götsch, Julian
Research on the long-term impact of colonial rule on social policy remains limited, despite growing evidence that colonial legacies continue to influence welfare arrangements in former colonies in significant and often adverse ways. Existing scholarship is highly fragmented, weakly interconnected, and frequently lacks clearly articulated causal arguments about colonial legacies. These shortcomings constrain scholars, policymakers, and practitioners in international cooperation in explaining variation in welfare outcomes and in designing context-sensitive, equitable interventions. To address these limitations, this article develops the Colonial Legacies in Social Policy (CLSP) Framework as a theoretical contribution to the study of colonialism’s long-term effects on social policy. Building on a critical review of existing approaches, the framework integrates fragmented causal arguments into a coherent analytical structure that distinguishes between colonial causes, the causal mechanisms linking these causes to their effects, and institutional and distributive outcomes. Critically assessing the causal claims in the extant literature and contrasting them with insights from the broader scholarship on colonialism also identifies key shortcomings, including theoretically imprecise explanations, weak specification of causal mechanisms, and insufficient attention to the interactions among different forms of colonial intervention. The framework provides a structured entry point and a common conceptual language for future research seeking to overcome these limitations. It strengthens causal clarity, supports more systematic comparison across cases, and facilitates more rigorous empirical strategies, including mechanism-based analysis and improved variable specification. More broadly, it advances the study of colonial legacies toward a more theoretically grounded and causally explicit research agenda in social policy.
Bericht
Band:34
57 28
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Advancing data infrastructures on democratic representation: an open-source version of ParlGov
(2025)
Döring, Holger
This research note presents an open-source version of the ParlGov website and discusses the state of cross-national data on parties, elections, and cabinets. The ParlGov project is a prominent political science data infrastructure with information for EU and OECD democracies since 1900. The data has been publicly available since 2010. ParlGov is an example of a new type of data infrastructure in political science that uses modern software tools, collaborative data collection, and open data principles. In this research note, I introduce a new open-source software of ParlGov that demonstrates how modern software practices enhance the accessibility, transparency, and reliability of political science data. In addition, I assess the contribution of the ParlGov project to advances in comparative political data collection by comparing it with four key datasets on elections and cabinets (EJPR-PDY, PPEG, V-Party, and PAGED). I emphasize the importance and benefits of open science principles, arguing that their full potential has yet to be realized in political science. By adhering to open science principles, ParlGov provides a reference point for future data projects aiming to increase the availability and interoperability of research data in political science.
Buch
Band:32
278 126
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Comparative Assessment of Long-term Care System Generosity: Mapping Benefits and Inclusiveness Internationally
(2025)
Viero, Davide
;
Fischer, Johanna
Long-term care is a comparatively young but increasingly important social policy field. However, international comparative data on the topic are (still) scarce. Addressing this gap, this paper introduces a comprehensive framework for gauging LTC system generosity and presents our corresponding novel data, the Long-Term Care Benefits dataset (LTCB). Building on previous discussions in welfare research, we conceptualise generosity by means of two dimensions that depict the distribution and variety of LTC benefits: scope of benefits (what is provided and how much of it) and inclusiveness (who is entitled and eligible). More specifically, our resulting LTC generosity framework outlines 17 in-kind, cash and regulatory benefits for people in need of care as well as caregivers, plus criteria measuring benefit levels and the conditions that (potential) beneficiaries need to fulfil. In a second step, we applied the framework while collecting de jure information from laws and secondary sources on these different aspects of LTC system generosity. Covering a sample of 40 countries, our empirical analysis of the LTCB data finds that in-kind benefits are the most common benefit type and means-related co-payments are the most prevalent form of cost-sharing for LTC services. We also find great variety in the number and kind of eligibility criteria employed within and across countries, which also implies LTC system fragmentation. Furthermore, in line with welfare state research, inclusiveness in LTC is stricter in liberal welfare states than in Nordic countries. While our novel dataset offers the most comprehensive and systematic de jure data collection on LTC benefits so far, it also has several limitations, such as missing (standardised) data on the level of benefits and its limited information on the (de facto) relevance of benefit schemes and recipients.
Buch
Band:31
96 72
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Disentangling democracy: What furthers immigrant social rights?
(2025)
Henninger, Jakob
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Junge, Mara
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Römer, Friederike
Immigrant rights have been found to be better protected in democracies than in authoritarian regimes, but there is no systematic test of different explanations of why this is the case. In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap by investigating which features of democratic political systems are conducive to a subset of immigrants’ rights, namely social rights. Drawing on literatures on human rights, minority rights, and immigrants’ rights, we hypothesize that whereas electoral elements are not necessarily conducive to immigrant social rights, liberal democratic institutions and civil society participation are. To test these hypotheses, we analyze data on immigrant social rights that spans the years 1980 to 2018 and covers 38 countries around the world using fixed effects models. The level of democracy and several subcomponents thereof are measured using indices provided by the V-Dem project. Descriptively, democracies indeed grant immigrants more social rights than autocracies. However, the multivariate analyses show that disaggregating democracy indices is important. The most aggregate index of liberal democracy had no significant association with the outcome variable. When disaggregating, we found that also the electoral component has no robust effect on immigrant social rights, but the liberal and the civil society components are drivers of extensions of immigrant social rights.
Bericht
Band:30
195 170

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