Institute for Economic Research and Policy (IERP)
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Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, The response of CO2 emissions to the business cycle: New evidence for the U.S.(2019)This paper investigates the response of CO2 emissions to the business cycle for the U.S. on a monthly basis between 1973-2015. Using a rolling-regression approach, we find that the emissions elasticity with respect to GDP is not constant over time, irrespective which filtering method, such as the Hodrick-Prescott, the Baxter-King, the Christiano-Fitzgerald or the Butterworth filter has been employed. In order to check whether or not emissions react differently during normal and recession times, next, we employ a Markov-switching approach. We find, first, that emissions are significantly more elastic during recessions, than in normal times. Second, depending on the filtering method, we also obtain parameter estimates of the emissions elasticity above one in recession times and below one in normal times. Thus, environmental policy instruments not turning out to be sub-optimal should account for this asymmetric response of emissions due to changes in GDP.Wissenschaftlicher Artikel679 484 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Estimating the income inequality-health relationship for the United States between 1941 and 2015: Will the relevant frequencies please stand up?(2020-06-22); The income inequality hypothesis (IIH) predicts that income inequality itself is the major determinant of population health. A novel continuous wavelet approach allows us to directly estimate the association between health and income inequality for the U.S. between 1941 and 2015 simultaneously, at any frequency and time domain. After controlling for gender, aggregate income, governmental spendings on health and education, the paper finds, first, that the frequency domain is relevant for identifying any relationship between health and income inequality, but, second, the overall evidence for the IIH is weak. Only for the time span 1956-1993 and for long-run frequencies, we find that an increase of income inequality has adverse effects on health. We are not able to confirm the existence of the IIH for any other time periods at different frequencies, even not for the period of the recent financial crisis. Hence, the empirical confirmation of the IIH is the rare exemption rather than the rule and its existence, at least on an aggregate level, clearly depends on the frequency domain.Wissenschaftlicher Artikel376 562 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Diffusion of radical innovation for the case of biotechnology SMEs: does proximity matter?(2020-04-09)Radical innovations by definition have a great influence on the future of the existing economic systems. It means that not only radical innovators, but also other stakeholders can experience their impact. The factors, influencing the direction and strength of this impact are far from being understood. Early appropriation of radical innovator’s knowledge may be especially important for small and medium-sized firms (SMEs), serving as the source of competitive advantage. Here different proximity dimensions (geographical, cognitive, institutional, organizational and social), measuring respective distances to a radical innovator, may play a crucial role. Thus, this paper opts at revealing the importance of proximity measures for the case of German biotechnology SMEs. A longitudinal dataset covering the period from 1996 to 2016 for the innovative performance of SMEs, that are citing radical innovators, is used as the base of the analysis. Results only partially confirm the findings of previous research by indicating the negative effect of higher distance and organizational proximity. However, the effect of both cognitive and social dimension could not be confirmed. Reasons for that potentially lie both in unique character of radical innovation and peculiarities of the biotechnology field in Germany.Wissenschaftlicher Artikel471 950 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, The influence of key enabling technologies on technological innovation(2024-12-19); Key enabling technologies (KETs) have gained attention in science and policy due to their multidisciplinary nature and their ability to link distant knowledge fields, endowing them with a central role in recombinant innovation processes. However, it remains under-researched whether KETs generally have a higher influence on innovation processes than non-KETs. This study addresses the question by using propensity score matching and regression analysis. First, a balanced dataset is created through matching KET patents to non-KET patents that stem from a comparable context. Subsequently, it is analyzed whether KET patents are associated with higher forward citation frequencies than non-KETs. The results show that KETs receive more citations on average, but it appears that this effect is driven by a few very impactful patents. The results further show that not all KETs exert a measurable impact on forward citations and highlight the heterogeneities between the individual KETs. These findings call for a more critical assessment of the KET concept and for nuanced approaches in research and policy.Wissenschaftlicher ArtikelBand:2403155 332 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Staying Out of Trouble: Criminal Cases Against Russian Mayors(2020-07-09); ; ; Although repression against elites is a common occurrence in authoritarian regimes, we know little about which elites are targeted. This paper uses an original dataset on the prosecution of mayors in large Russian cities to examine the factors that make elites more likely to be arrested. We argue that in electoral authoritarian regimes like Russia, regime leaders are reluctant to arrest popular officials. Such officials command political capital that is useful to the regime, and arrests of prominent officials can produce popular backlash. We examine this argument using an original dataset on all arrests of municipal leaders in Russia's 221 largest cities between 2002 and 2018. We find that mayors who won their elections by large margins are less likely to be arrested. In addition, we demonstrate several other substantively important patterns: 1) a mayor's professional background is not related to the likelihood of arrest, 2) opposition mayors are four times more likely to be arrested, and 3) arrests are more likely in ethnic republics.Buch1062 1179 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Digital divide and innovation in European enterprises: a multi-method analysis of firm and sectoral dynamics(2026-02-19); 86 40 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Regional Variation in German Real Estate Prices: Socio-Economic and Pandemic Influences(2024-12-10); ; ; This study examines the real estate market in Germany at the district level, focusing on 401 NUTS 3 regions from 2012 to 2022. Using spatial econometric models, the analysis explores how socio-economic variables and COVID-19-related factors—including infection rates and mobility restrictions—affected regional property prices. Our results indicate that high infection rates and containment measures served as significant housing price drivers, with both direct effects within regions and indirect spillover effects to neighbouring regions. We find that these factors, along with socio-economic variables such as average age and childcare provision, contribute to spatial dynamics in property markets. Robustness checks across regional subgroups and different model specifications support these fin dings. The research contributes to the literature by quantifying the influence of socio-economic and pandemic-related factors on regional real estate price variations and providing evidence of spatial spillover effects. The findings highlight the need for regionally tailored real estate policies to address the diverse impacts of these factors on property markets in Germany, while also offering a framework for analysing similar dynamics in other countries.Wissenschaftlicher ArtikelBand:2402209 286 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Economics & Biology: The whole is something besides the parts – a complementary approach to a bioeconomyThis paper examines relations between economics and biology regarding the historical background of these disciplines. Though economics is a social science its emergence has strong links to the natural sciences, especially to physics. This methodological basis seems to be mostly forgotten in mainstream economics. Since this methodology is based on the same principles of universal natural laws, it should make the branches of economics and biology compatible. Merging biology and economics could have a strong impact on finding solutions to our modern world sustainability problems and avoiding the dangers of the entropic abyss. This is only possible if mainstream economics is more open to assimilate information from outside its own field. Unequivocally, the most straightforward impact of a collaboration of these disciplines would be a biobased economy, that would tackle many problems our resource intensive and unsustainable economic system is facing at the moment.BerichtBand:2210594 426 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Nothing new in the East? New evidence on productivity effects of inventions in the GDR(2023-01-26); ; Former socialist systems were considered inferior to Western market economies in terms of innovation and productivity. We provide new evidence on the productivity effects of inventorship in the Soviet-type economy of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). We investigate three types of inventorship: knowledge generation, accumulation and diffusion. By applying a Cobb-Douglas production function using original primary and harmonized productivity data and manually cleaned patent data of the GDR between 1970 and 1989, we show that inventorship contributed to productivity in the industry sectors. This holds for knowledge generation, accumulation and diffusion in general, while in the presence of sufficient local interactive capabilities, international knowledge diffusion did not result in productivity gains. We contribute to empirical evidence on the productivity effects from an alternative system of patenting and innovation.Wissenschaftlicher ArtikelBand:23011816 474 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Regional Uncertainty in the Energy Transition in Germany(2026-08); ; Uncertainty is a major theme of complex and multilayered socio-technical transitions such as the transition to a sustainable energy system. Thereby, uncertainty can delay investment decisions and affect the prospects and speed of the transition. Additionally, the energy transition is shaped by local conditions and transition paths differ across sub-national regions. In this paper, we contribute to the understanding of the effects of uncertainty in the energy transition by proposing a novel energy-transition-related uncertainty index at this sub-national level. To achieve this, we use recent advances in Natural Language Processing and a novel dataset of localized German news articles at the German NUTS 2 level. We discuss our new index in detail and compare it to established measures of uncertainty to show that it is well suited to purposefully capture uncertainty related to the energy transition. In our empirical application, we show that regional uncertainty related to the energy transition is driven by common national-level factors and region-specific path dependence simultaneously. Furthermore, we report robust evidence for regional uncertainty shocks leading to a quick decline in investment in solar photovoltaics.BuchBand:260288 71