Starke, Peter
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Starke, Peter
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Starke, Peter
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Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Sozialpolitische Entwicklungstrends in OECD-Ländern 1980-2001: Konvergenz, Divergenz oder Persistenz?Eine Reihe von Autoren erwartet vor dem Hintergrund von Globalisierung, Postindustrialisierung, der Diffusion von Ideen und einer wachsenden supranationalen Einbindung eine Konvergenz von Wohlfahrtsstaaten. Anhand von fünf zentralen wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Dimensionen wird untersucht, inwiefern die jüngste sozialpolitische Entwicklung in entwickelten OECD-Ländern mit diesen Szenarien in Einklang steht. Mithilfe einfacher quantitativer Analyseverfahren analysieren wir Entwicklungstrends in den Bereichen Sozialausgaben, öffentliche Einnahmen, Leistungsniveau, Deckungsgrad und Dekommodifizierung. Unser Befund ist uneinheitlich: Starke Konvergenz beschränkt sich auf die Bereiche Sozialausgaben und Leistungen bei Arbeitslosigkeit. Weder gibt es Anhaltspunkte für einen Unterbietungswettlauf von Wohlfahrtsstaaten („race to the bottom“), noch unterstützen unsere Befunde eine zunehmende Divergenz von Wohlfahrtsstaaten.Wissenschaftlicher ArtikelHeft:Sonderheft 38192 111 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Small country, big business? New Zealand as education exporterThis paper discusses New Zealand’s role in the global market for tertiary education. The internationalisation and liberalisation of education markets is progressing rapidly in today’s globalising world, as reflected by the incorporation of education as a service into the GATS framework. Through the example of New Zealand as a case study for the internationalisation of education services, the study depicts the way the government is involved in this process. Commodification of sectors traditionally subject to domestic public policy is often associated with a less interventionist state, but our example of education shows that this is not necessarily the case, at least not in the mediumterm: New Zealand’s government rather appears to be an active facilitator of the liberalisation process in education. We review its recent move towards treating education as an international export good and present data on the growth of this industry. The paper concentrates on the particular ways by which New Zealand’s government is trying to facilitate this process of liberalising the education sector.Wissenschaftlicher ArtikelBand:44Heft:1164 475 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Convergence towards where: in what ways, if any, are welfare states becoming more similar?This article examines whether or not OECD welfare states have converged since 1980. Making use of a variety of concepts of convergence, we analyze the development of a broad range of quantitative welfare state indicators, including several expenditure-based indicators, revenue patterns, benefit replacement rates and decommodification. Contrary to what one might expect from much of the theoretical literature, we find that, although there is evidence of moderate welfare state convergence, it is limited in magnitude, various in directionality and contingent upon the indicator under examination. Overall, our findings do not provide any strong evidence either for a race-to-the-bottom or for the Americanization of social policy, the two most common convergence scenarios encountered in supposedly informed public policy commentary.Wissenschaftlicher ArtikelBand:15Heft:7174 221 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Policy Diffusion and Policy Transfer in Comparative Welfare State ResearchFor many years comparative welfare state research has followed a ‘methodological nationalism’ in the sense that countries were treated as independent units. Yet the recent ‘spatial turn’ in comparative politics has also influenced welfare state research. For some years now, the field has been witnessing a growing interest in questions about interdependencies and policy diffusion between countries. In this paper, we provide a structured overview of the state of the art in the policy diffusion and transfer literature that deals specifically with social policy. We present and critically evaluate existing theoretical concepts and quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches that enable the analysis of interdependencies between countries. Moreover, we summarize the empirical findings of quantitative and qualitative studies on the diffusion and transfer of social policy, from some pioneering studies to the latest findings. Against this background we point out what we believe to be promising avenues for future research. We focus on five areas: i) theoretical work on the mechanisms underlying diffusion and transfer, ii) methodological approaches, iii) the impact of domestic institutions and policy characteristics on social policy diffusion and transfer, iv) programme-specific dynamics, and v) the systematic combination of horizontal and vertical interdependencies.Wissenschaftlicher ArtikelBand:47Heft:1207 141 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Explaining convergence of OECD welfare states: a conditional approachExisting studies have found only limited empirical evidence of welfare state convergence. Moreover, although there are good theoretical reasons both for and against welfare state convergence, there are virtually no studies that have explicitly tested the assumed effects. We argue that the concept of conditional convergence helps to both better describe and explain the phenomenon. By applying error correction models, we examine conditional convergence of various types of social expenditure in 21 OECD countries between 1980 and 2005. Our empirical findings go beyond the existing literature in two respects. First, we show that there is very strong evidence of convergence across all categories of social expenditure when conditional factors are taken into account. Second, we demonstrate that the speed of convergence is highly driven by globalization and European Union membership and shaped by existing welfare state structures.Wissenschaftlicher ArtikelBand:21Heft:2173 181