Selbstverletzendes Verhalten in derklinischen Diagnostik - Erfassung des Phänomens durch den kategorialen, funktionalistischen und dimensionalen Ansatz

Abstract

Goal of this dissertation was to demonstrate, if the three global models of psychological assessment (categorical, dimensional, and functionalistic) can be applied to measure non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) without restrictions. To validate the models, empirical studies have to support the underlying assumptions of each model concerning the nature of the assessment object. The classification model, adjusted to NSSI, assumes that the phenomenon can be understood and conceptualized as a nosological entity. The dimensional model presumed that NSSI (as well as suicide attempts) can be described as a cluster of certain range of values on features characteristic of direct self-harm behaviour. According to the functionalistic model, NSSI is a dysfunctional coping behaviour and can be explained by learn and cognitive theory. Literature research and reanalysis of data confirmed all postulates of each assessment model. Following, three specific approaches to measure NSSI were derived and presented. Furthermore, it was pointed out that psychometric instruments are available, which assess NSSI in accordance with model specifications.