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Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, The causes of welfare state expansion in democratic middle-income countries: A literature review(2021-09)This article reviews the literature on the causes of welfare state expansion in democratic middle-income countries across the Global South since the 2000s. After discussing challenges to measuring welfare state change, the article reviews research in political science and sociology and discusses nine potential causes of recent welfare state expansion, namely (a) economic development, (b) fiscal capacity, (c) democracy, (d) partisan ideology, (e) labour unions, (f) social mobilization, (g) cultural homogeneity, (h) institutional architecture, as well as (i) welfare rights and norms. The review thus reveals that recent welfare state expansion in democratic middle-income countries has been driven by a similar set of causes as post-war welfare state expansion in the Global North. The pronounced expansion of non-contributory social policies has, in some contrast, also been characterized by more bipartisan and transnational political dynamics. The article concludes by outlining avenues for future research and by calling for more scholarly attention to the consolidation and testing of existing theories.Wissenschaftlicher ArtikelBand:55Heft:5957 298 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Policy Diffusion and Policy Transfer in Comparative Welfare State ResearchFor many years comparative welfare state research has followed a ‘methodological nationalism’ in the sense that countries were treated as independent units. Yet the recent ‘spatial turn’ in comparative politics has also influenced welfare state research. For some years now, the field has been witnessing a growing interest in questions about interdependencies and policy diffusion between countries. In this paper, we provide a structured overview of the state of the art in the policy diffusion and transfer literature that deals specifically with social policy. We present and critically evaluate existing theoretical concepts and quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches that enable the analysis of interdependencies between countries. Moreover, we summarize the empirical findings of quantitative and qualitative studies on the diffusion and transfer of social policy, from some pioneering studies to the latest findings. Against this background we point out what we believe to be promising avenues for future research. We focus on five areas: i) theoretical work on the mechanisms underlying diffusion and transfer, ii) methodological approaches, iii) the impact of domestic institutions and policy characteristics on social policy diffusion and transfer, iv) programme-specific dynamics, and v) the systematic combination of horizontal and vertical interdependencies.Wissenschaftlicher ArtikelBand:47Heft:1207 149