Kaufmann, Margrit E.

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Kaufmann, Margrit E.

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Kaufmann, Margrit

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1166762386

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Professional trajectories of Roma in Hungary
(2023-08-25)
Fejős, Anna
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Groh-Samberg, Olaf
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Groh-Samberg, Olaf
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Zentai, Violetta
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Kaufmann, Margrit E.
Highly skilled members of ethnic and racial minorities encounter distinct opportunities and challenges throughout their professional trajectories, deriving from being double ‘newcomers’ at work. On the one hand, they are ‘newcomers’ in their professional roles. On the other hand, their presence is also a novelty in organizations. Professional trajectories intertwine with race and ethnicity in many ways, and individuals’ minority belonging may bring advantages and disadvantages to their professional and personal lives. In this dissertation, I examined the professional trajectories of highly skilled Hungarian Roma in three contexts, education, corporate business, and visual arts. Adopting Bourdieu’s relational approach and his concept of the ‘field’ and drawing on theories from social inclusion and diversity literature, I scrutinized how individuals negotiate their professional work and ethnic belonging, which are particular to the institutional arrangements and micro-organizational conditions of the three fields. My analysis based on in-depth qualitative methodology led to findings presented in three case studies (written in four journal articles) and a synthesis, in which I showed that professionals of Roma descent in Hungary have to navigate their professional trajectory and ethnic background throughout building their careers, developing professional and work- identities, and relating to their communities in each field. Individuals are actively valorizing their resources, however, the opportunities and barriers to ‘claim space’ in a given field depend on institutional arrangements and micro-organizational mechanisms that define the role of ‘difference’. The experiences of highly skilled Roma are vital for the prospects of the next generations. Their career success may trigger ‘multiplier effects’, whereas their struggles, challenges, and dilemmas will continue to shadow the trajectories of new career entrants. The empirical results of this dissertation may enrich the existing body of research on ethnic and racial minority professionals by increasing knowledge on the Central Eastern European region and its largest minority group, the Roma. Meanwhile, by linking insights from social inclusion and diversity scholarship, the dissertation may contribute to a context-specific understanding of professional trajectories and the various dilemmas professionals of minority descent encounter.
Dissertation
23 44
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Chancengleichheit, herkunftsbedingte Risikolagen und der schulische Umgang mit (kultureller) Vielfalt - Eine empirische Studie zu Prozessen institutioneller Diskriminierung
(2022-05-06)
Koschorreck, Maike
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Kaufmann, Margrit E.
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Heinemann, Alisha M.B.
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Wingens, Matthias
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Wingens, Matthias
Die Dissertation untersucht herkunftsbedingte Bildungsungleichheit. Im Fokus steht das vergleichsweise schlechte Abschneiden von Schüler:innen aus eingewanderten Familien, von denen überdurchschnittlich viele gleichzeitig auch aus prekären sozioökonomischen Lebenslagen stammen. Eine Grundannahme der Untersuchung ist, dass es sich bei der Reproduktion von Verteilungsungleichheiten im Schulsystem um ein komplexes Phänomen handelt, in dem viele Faktoren zusammenwirken und kumulieren. Eine bewusste Diskriminierungsintention der Bildungsakteur:innen ist dabei keine zwingende Voraussetzung für die Entstehung von Diskriminierung. Vielmehr können auch neutral oder positiv intendierte Handlungen auf indirekten Wegen diskriminierende (Neben )Wirkungen erzeugen. Um dieses Phänomen zu untersuchen, wird das Konzept der (indirekten) institutionellen Diskriminierung als zentrale Analyseperspektive herangezogen. Es wird der Umgang mit einer vielfältigen Schüler:innenschaft auf den drei Handlungsebenen der Schulpolitik, Schulorganisation und alltäglichen Schul- und Unterrichtspraxis analysiert. Das Forschungsfeld bilden vier Bremer Schulen der Sekundarstufe I, die Bremer Bildungsbehörde und das örtliche Landesinstitut für Schule. Das methodische Vorgehen basiert auf einem ethnografischen Grounded Theory Design. Als empirische Ergebnisse identifiziert die Studie drei Prozesse indirekter institutioneller Diskriminierung, die nachzeichnen, wie im Schulalltag unbeabsichtigte diskriminierungsrelevante Dynamiken entstehen, die Schüler:innen aus herkunftsbedingten Risikolagen benachteiligen. Die Untersuchung kommt zu der konzeptionellen Erkenntnis, dass eine analytische Zusammenführung der spezifischen herkunftsbedingten Risikolagen von Schüler:innen (individuelle Faktoren) mit den spezifischen Standortmerkmalen von Schulen (institutionelle Faktoren) unverzichtbar ist, um die Prozesse und Wirkungsweisen indirekter institutioneller Diskriminierung zu verstehen.
Dissertation
1188 779
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Japanese Brazilians in Hamamatsu City : An Ethnographic Study on the Second Generation
(2018-01-10)
Arantes Nakashima, Daniele
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Kaufmann, Margrit E.
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Dracklé, Dorle
At the end of the 1980s, the Brazilians of Japanese descent were officially allowed to enter Japan as unskilled workers, solving the country's labor shortages. Since then, as a new ethnic minority group, they are facing many issues in this host society. Despite the vast research on this ethnic return migration, known as the Dekasegi Movement, little is known about its young generation. Therefore, the purpose of this ethnographic study is the analysis of the current situation of the Japanese Brazilians in Hamamatsu City with a focus on their second generation. Fieldwork was conducted in order to portray this minority group from different perspectives. The empirical findings demonstrate the way these young people have been perceived and presented in this transnational context, confirming their stigmatization as the children of immigrants. Moreover, such a negative perception has influenced the way they see themselves, thereby limiting their perspectives, and creating many uncertainties and challenges for the future. In conclusion, this study suggests further research on the meaning of "Japaneseness", which still reinforces narratives of pure blood and nationality, dominating public consciousness and influencing not only views and attitudes towards foreigners, but also the formulation, analysis, and review of migration policies in Japan.
Masterarbeit
606 597
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‘That is My Profession’: occupational culture and occupational identities of seafarers in the global merchant fleet.
(2023-09-23)
Grasmeier, Marie
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Gerstenberger, Heide
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Kaufmann, Margrit E.
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Dracklé, Dorle
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Heimerdinger, Timo
Against the specific structural background of globalized shipping as a largely globalised industry which is strongly characterised by strict hierarchies and an authoritarian management style as well as ethnic segmentation and a pronounced male dominance of the workforce, I ask in this ethnographic dissertation about the construction of occupational identities and the corresponding boundary-work of seafarers on internationally crewed merchant ships. Concrete questions are: How do seafarers establish their occupational identity through boundary-work in everyday interactions? How are inclusions and exclusions negotiated with regard to membership of the practice community? What is the significance of cultural representations of the professional image of seafarers and other public discourses?Which intersectionalities with other identitarian attributions such as nationality, gender, class, etc. are important in this context? What role do the specific traditional organisational structures of the industry play in these identity constructions and boundary processes? I follow a theoretical framework which is formed by theories of the interactive negotiation of identities in the sense of the boundary-approach, as represented by Michèle Lamont and Andreas Wimmer. The present dissertation contributes new perspectives to the research on occupational culture in globalised shipping. Firstly, I was able to show, in favour of a process-based approach, that previous studies which set 'culture' as a given external 'factor' and only examine its effects on occupational culture fall short. Secondly, I have extended the debate about the ship as a "social place" (total institution, heterotopia, hyperspace) by a critical postcolonial perspective. Thirdly, I take up the question posed by Heide Gerstenberger and Ulrich Welke about the existence of a "transnational occupational culture" and come to conclusions that extend their findings by new perspectives. In terms of labour force, the shipping industry is characterised by a largely globalised labour market for seafarers, with international power relations in the world system being reflected in the organisational hierarchy on board ships. Another characteristic feature of this field is the traditionally very pronounced male dominance in maritime occupations. In addition, the field is characterised by particularly strict organisational hierarchies compared to other jobs and the survival of a bureaucratic management style that is considered to have been overcome according to the prevailing management discourse. Against this structural background, my dissertation investigates the construction of professional identities and the corresponding boundary-work of seafarers on internationally crewed merchant ships. Concrete questions are: How do seafarers and their identity constructions situate themselves in the cultural context of the ship's crew or industry? What is the significance of cultural representations of the professional image of seafarers and other public discourses? How do seafarers establish their occupational identity through boundary-work in everyday interactions? How are inclusions and exclusions negotiated with regard to membership of the practice community? Which intersectionalities with other identity attributions such as nationality, gender, class, etc. are important in this context? What role do the specific traditional organisational structures of the industry play in these identity constructions and boundary processes? I was able to gather the empirical material for working on the research questions in a participating observation of seven weeks on a container ship with an international crew. In addition, I rely on earlier (auto-ethnographic) observations that I made as part of the field during my training as a nautical officer and my subsequent professional activities in the industry, as well as on interviews with seafarers on board and ashore. I accompanied the analysis of my material by regular participation in an ethnopsychoanalytical interpretation group. The theoretical framework is formed by theories of the interactive negotiation of identities in the sense of the boundary-approach, as represented by Michèle Lamont and Andreas Wimmer. This theoretical approach has, first of all, the advantage over the ethnomethodological approaches of "doing difference" (West, Fenstermaker et al.) of overcoming their occasionalism considering the significance of macro structures. Secondly, the boundary-work approach is linked to a processual concept of culture (Martin Fuchs, Andreas Wimmer) which is able to overcome the weaknesses of a statically reductive classical concept of culture, such as the one that underlies current approaches to "intercultural management". The present dissertation contributes new perspectives to the research on occupational culture in globalised shipping. Firstly, I was able to show, in favour of a process-based approach, that previous studies which set 'culture' as a given external 'factor' and only examine its effects on occupational culture fall short. Secondly, I have extended the debate about the ship as a "social place" (total institution, heterotopia, hyperspace) by a critical postcolonial perspective. Thirdly, I take up the question posed by Heide Gerstenberger and Ulrich Welke about the existence of a "transnational occupational culture" and come to conclusions that extend their findings by new perspectives.
Dissertation
35 53

Kaufmann, Margrit E.

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