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    Experimental investigation of a virtual planar array for MIMO sonar systems
    In this paper a way to achieve a virtual two-dimensional planar array for sonar systems using the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) principle is presented. The time delay information of a planar array can be used for imaging sonars and allows the localization of scatterers in three-dimensional space. In a conventional single input multiple output (SIMO) sonar, this would be achieved using a single transmitter and a receiver consisting of a planar array of N² hydrophones, arranged as a rectangular N × N matrix. We show through simulations and experiments how a virtual planar array can be formed using a linear receiver array and linear transmitter array. For this, an experimental MIMO sonar system was constructed with a 32-channel receiver and a 12-channel transmitter, which allowed the realization of a virtual 32 × 12 array. The array design is analyzed through experiment in a harbor basin and through simulations, validating the principle of the virtual planar array. In addition to the experimental investigations, in which only a limited number of transmitter channels are available, further simulations with a 32 × 32 array are performed for further MIMO arrangements to highlight strengths and weaknesses in different application areas.
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      64
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    Study on pulse form design for monostatic MIMO sonar systems
    Active sonar systems typically consist of a transmitter (or transmitter array) and a receiver array and are known as a Single-Input-Multiple-Output (SIMO) system. A Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) sonar, on the other hand, uses multiple transmitters in order to emit different transmitter pulses into the same area. In a monostatic array, this allows the travel time information to be multiplied, resulting in high angular resolution at comparatively low hardware cost if the transmitter pulses can be separated from each other in the receive-side signal processing. This separation can be achieved by transmitting in different frequency or time windows, but this leads to a limited bandwidth or an increased overall ping period. In this paper, a method based on coding techniques and correlation filters are used for pulse separation, which means that the aforementioned limitations no longer apply. In doing so, this paper demonstrates various coding methods and the transmitted pulses generated by them for a monostatic MIMO sonar system. For comparison standard sonar pulses, such as linear frequency modulated (LFM), as well as hyperbolic frequency modulated (HFM) pulses are used as well. Furthermore, new approaches such as LFM sequences, LFM chains and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing are comparatively examined for the use of MIMO sonar systems.
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      69
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    Experimental demonstration of the angular resolution enhancement of a monostatic MIMO sonar
    In this contribution we show by experimental tests the improvement of the angular resolution of an active monostatic Sonar system when using the Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) principle. This principle allows the design of a high-resolution sonar with a lower number of transducers required compared to a conventional Sonar, thus allowing the costs of the Sonar to be significantly reduced. For this purpose, a MIMO Sonar demonstrator was built and experiments were performed in a harbor basin. It is shown that the travel time information can be extended in a manner that allows a factoring of the angular resolution of the system by the number of transmitters. The key to this principle is that the respective transmission pulses of the transmitter modules can be separated from each other during signal processing on the receiver side. This can be achieved through different techniques. In this paper novel transmitter signals are presented, which are coded in a way that they can be transmitted in the same frequency and time window and afterwards be sufficiently separated by correlation filters. To evaluate and model the experiment, also a simulation was developed, which uses a simplified model of the acoustic channel to generate the received signals.
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    Pulse form optimization for MIMO sonar systems
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      30