Carmesin, Hans-Otto
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Carmesin, Hans-Otto
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Carmesin, Hans-Otto
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Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, The Electroweak Interaction Explained by and Derived from Gravity and RelativityElectromagnetic interactions are omnipresent in everyday life. These are part of the electroweak interactions, including the Higgs mechanism. However, the nature and microscopic structure thereof were a mystery. That mystery is solved in this book. We derive the observed charges and masses of the electroweak interaction from the equivalence principles, gravity and relativity, by analyzing the vacuum. We derive and clarify the origin of electroweak interactions: – Vacuum forming since the Big Bang constitutes space, time and cosmic phase transitions with a large scale energy spectrum. – That spectrum causes electroweak charges and masses. – Thereby, two-dimensional charge space forms. – Hereby, the electric charge, the weak angle, a non-electric charge, a hypercharge, an isospin charge and isospin form. – Electroweak masses originate from transitions at the large scale spectrum. Using the local principles of the formation of vacuum, we derive general relativity and results beyond: the density of vacuum, quantum physics, cosmic phase transitions as well as the electroweak interactions, charges and masses. Our results are in precise accordance with observation, whereby we do not execute any fit. Invited to discover the nature of electromagnetic and weak interactions are classes from grade 10 or higher, courses, research clubs, enthusiasts, observers, experimentalists, mathematicians, natural scientists, researchers …BuchBand:8159 549 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Cosmological and elementary particles explained by quantum gravityThe universe ranges from huge galaxies near the light horizon at a distance of 4.1 ∙ 10^26 m, via elementary particles at a hierarchy of scales, towards smallest objects at the Planck scale at lengths of 1.6 ∙ 10^−35 m. How did these very different objects form and develop? We present an answer by deriving a physically founded and critically tested unified theory of cosmological and elementary particles. Based on quantum gravity, I derived a series of novel results about cosmology, general relativity and particle physics. Here we extend these findings in an essential manner: The space within the present light horizon started from a quantum at zero-point energy at the Planck scale and at dimension 301. Then it experienced a series of dimensional phase transitions, before it became three dimensional. An increasing number of these quanta formed our usual space and expanded it towards the present day light horizon. So, space is formed by the dark energy and its quanta. These basic cosmological particles are modeled here in detail. The dimensional phase transitions of the early universe provide the quanta that form the masses of all present day elementary particles including neutrinos, Higgs bosons, quarks, electrons, myons, tauons and W^+, W^0, W^− bosons. In the same manner, we derive novel elementary particles to be discovered in the future. We derive all results from quantum physics and gravity. Thereby we use only five numerical inputs: the Hubble constant H_0 as a reference for the present time after the Big Bang as well as the universal constants G, c, k_B and h. Our results include the energies and masses of the above cosmological and elementary particles and the remaining five cosmological constants of the standard model of cosmology. All results are in precise accordance with observation. In this book we derive all findings in a systematic, clear and smooth manner. We summarize our results and innovations by many definitions, propositions and theorems. So, we solve many fundamental problems of physics including the hierarchy problem of elementary particle physics, in particular. We are classes from grade 10 or higher, courses, research clubs, enthusiasts, observers, experimentalists, mathematicians, natural scientists, researchers ....BuchBand:5171 260 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Quantum physics explained by gravity and relativitySince Planck discovered quantization in 1900, the nature of quanta was a mystery. That problem is solved in this book. We derive the postulates of quantum physics from the equivalence principles, gravity and relativity, by analyzing the vacuum. We clarify various conundrums of quanta: We derive nonlocality. We find the origin of the Schrödinger equation. We find the origin of the probabilities of quanta. We find the basis of the Planck constant h. We find a generalized Schrödinger equation. We find the origin of quantum gravity. Using the concepts of space, time, gravity and vacuum, we discover how vacuum propagates at the velocity of light. We realize how that propagation causes quantization. We apply that propagation to the calculation of the density parameter ΩΛ of the vacuum of the universe. Our result is in precise accordance with observation, whereby we do not apply any fit. Invited to discover the nature of quanta are classes from grade 10 or higher, courses, research clubs, enthusiasts, observers, experimentalists, mathematicians, natural scientists, researchers …BuchBand:7236 158 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Quanta of spacetime explain observations, dark energy, graviton and nonlocalityModern physics is based on two great concepts: general relativity theory, GRT and quantum theory, QT. However, effects faster than light are called nonlocal, and they seem to be impossible in nature and in GRT, while they occur in QT, this contrast is called EPR paradox. We solve it as follows: The curved spacetime in GRT corresponds to additionally forming vacuum. We calculate its volume, and we discover: It explains curvature of space as well as the expansion since the Big Bang. One half of that volume forms in a nonlocal manner: Thus nature and GRT are nonlocal and so no paradox remains. The formation of spacetime, however, is local. With it we combine GRT and QT: We derive the field theory, the quadrupole or spin 2 symmetry, the waves and the quanta of spacetime. These provide precise accordance to observation without any fit parameter, of course. The quanta of spacetime include the propagation and formation of vacuum. So they explain the dark energy and the time evolution of dark energy and structure, which in turn explains the discrepancy inherent to observed values of the Hubble constant H0 and of matter fluctuations ó8. The quanta of spacetime include the quanta of gravitational interaction. So they explain the graviton by its symmetry, propagation, quantization and mechanism of interaction: Quanta of spacetime form, the resulting heterogeneity generates curvature, and this causes gravitational force. So the graviton is now understood in exceptionally deep detail! The quanta of spacetime in the visible universe are traced back to one single quantum at the Big Bang. At its space, there immediately formed many quanta of zero-point energies of radiation. Altogether the complete energy and mass of the visible universe is traced back to the Big Bang. The quanta of spacetime are invariant at Lorentz transformations and at all other linear transformations. These quanta solve many fundamental problems and explain various interesting systems, including black holes. We derive all results with a smooth progression, and we summarize our findings in 15 propositions and 34 theorems.BuchBand:4149 116 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Das Nash-Gleichgewicht - Extremwertprobleme und Funktionenscharen im 11. JahrgangExtremwertprobleme im 11. Jahrgang behandeln oft eine Person, die ihren gewinn maximiert. Werden aber gewinne für zwei oder mehr miteinander handelnde Personen gesucht, so können Schüler*innen das Gleichgewicht entdecken, für dessen Entdeckung John Nash 1994 den Nobelpreis für Ökonomie erhielt. Die Schüler*innen praktizieren in diesem Zusammenhang unterschiedliche mathematische Kompetenzen, entwickeln Funktionenscharen und lernen interessante Anwendungen kennen.Wissenschaftlicher ArtikelBand:57Heft:7101 75 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, The Elementary Charge Explained by Quantum GravityQuestion Our observable universe ranges from the light horizon at a distance of 4.1 ∙ 10^26 m towards the Planck scale at lengths of 1.6 ∙ 10^-35 m. Corresponding bodies are galaxy clusters, our home region of galaxies Laniakea, our Milky Way, our Solar System, Earth, cities, villages, houses, ourselves and elementary particles. How do these different bodies interact? The heavenly bodies mainly interact by gravity. In contrast, most forces among bodies of everyday life are based on the electric interaction. Gravity and the electric interaction are regarded as two fundamental interactions. However, are these two interactions really fundamentally different? Discovery We discover the formation of the elementary charge based on quantum gravity. Hereby the difference between theory and experiment amounts to five millionth of a percent. Of course, we use no fit parameters. We show how classical electrodynamics and quantum electrodynamics are both based on our finding. Perspective I derived a new theory of quantum gravity. It describes physics ranging from the Planck scale towards the light horizon. With it, I discovered results in cosmology, general relativity and particle physics: In the standard model of cosmology, there are six parameters. One is independent, as it describes the time after the Big Bang. I derived the other parameters from quantum gravity, using no fit. The standard model of elementary particles essentially describes masses of particles and three fundamental interactions: electric, weak and strong interaction. Using quantum gravity, I derived the mass of the Higgs boson, which in turn causes the masses of the other particles, except neutrinos. For these, I derived the cosmological constant of neutrino masses. In this book, we apply the above findings in order to derive the formation of the elementary charge and electric interaction. So the electric charge and electric interaction are not fundamental. It will be interesting and challenging to use a theory ranging from the Planck scale towards the light horizon, in order to investigate other properties of elementary particles. Comprehensive Explanation In this book we derive all findings in a systematic, clear and smooth manner. We summarize our results by many definitions, propositions and theorems. We are classes from grade 10 or higher, courses, research clubs, enthusiasts, observers, experimentalists, mathematicians, natural scientists, researchers …BuchBand:[6]121 558 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Einstein in der Schule – Teil 1 – Unterrichtskonzepte zur allgemeinen RelativitätstheorieDie allgemeine Relativitätstheorie, ART, ist grundlegend für das Denken in Raum und Zeit und daher für viele Schüler*innen interessant. Hier zeige ich, wie Lernende ein Astrofoto aufnehmen, daran die relativistische Lichtablenkung messen und, ausgehend von ihren Basiskonzepten, wesentliche Konzepte der ART entwickeln. Dazu berichte ich über Erfahrungen in den Klassenstufen 5-12. Auch präsentiere ich Material, das für den Unterricht in Astronomie, Physik und Mathematik geeignet ist.Wissenschaftlicher ArtikelBand:55Heft:3-4156 107 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, On the Dynamics of Time, Space and Quanta - Essential Results for Space Flight and NavigationSpace flights are very important for navigation, communication, as well as for the exploration of weather, climate, geophysics, celestial bodies, time and space. Space navigation requires synchronized clocks. Clocks are subject to relativistic time dilation. However, relativity theory does not predict adequate frames, which are essential for the prediction of time dilation. As a provisional solution of that frame problem, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) recommends celestial reference systems: a geocentric and a heliocentric or barycentric reference system. In order to solve the problem of predicting adequate frames, we propose new tools: a three clock device, a ballistic device, a levitating device, and a new symmetry. With the above tools, we show that each clock onboard every spacecraft has an adequate frame, so that the clock has a uniquely and correctly determined velocity and time dilation. Since, these adequate frames determine the propagation of time, they are physically essential, and must be identified: Near an isolated celestial body, a frame at rest in the local gravitational field is adequate. Near several celestial bodies, their fields and frames move relative to each other. Therefore, the space that determines the propagation of time separates into moving parts, and their fields exhibit linear superposition. The above derived separation of space is additionally confirmed by a new space paradox. Due to the linear superposition of fields, the celestial reference systems recommended by the IAU are approximately adequate near their celestial bodies. A systematic investigation of the above derived separate parts of space, spacetime or volume in nature provides an indivisible description of curvature of spacetime, gravity and quanta. Based on that, the linear superposition of moving fields is solved with help of quantum expectation values of velocity that exactly predict the time of clocks onboard spacecrafts. Summarizing, we see that celestial reference systems are approximate solutions of the above frame problem, whereas expectation values provide an exact solution. We use data from former space flights as tests, and we propose further space flights to areas between celestial reference frames, as well as additional measurements on Earth. We elaborate a universal reference system and derive its universal time dilation. We use the measured and derived Hubble tension as a first test. We identify idealized and realistic principles in general relativity and quantum physics. Our results are in precise accordance with observation. Thereby, no fit has been executed, and no additional hypothesis has been introduced. We derive our findings in a systematic, clear and smooth manner. We summarize our results by definitions, propositions and theorems. Our results are adequate for classes from grade 10 or higher, courses, research clubs, enthusiasts, observers, experimentalists, mathematicians, scientists, researchers …BuchBand:1289 81 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, How Volume Portions Form and Found Light, Gravity and QuantaVolume in nature is a foundation of present-day physics. The volume dynamics, VD, is implied by evident properties: invariance of the speed of light and zero rest mass of volume The VD includes: – the existence and reality of volume portions, VPs – change tensors of VPs, including electromagnetic waves – the differential equation describing change tensors, form of wave packets, formation and propagation of VPs – real quantities are identified via the Hacking criterion The VD implies and explains present-day physics, e. g. – gravity and transmission of gravitational interaction – curvature of spacetime – general relativity as a semiclassical and averaging approximation – universal formation of quanta, a generalized Schrödinger equation, the postulates of quantum physics – the Schrödinger equation as a nonrelativistic approximation – an improved and generalized version of quantum field theory, including nonlocality & causality, without infinity – as expected, as real volume inside the light horizon cannot cause a real infinity The VD implies, explains and clarifies properties of space, e. g. – VD implies density of volume in our heterogeneous universe – VD provides the time evolution of the Hubble constant (front cover), this solves the Hubble tension – real VPs represent the wave function and its generalization – VD clarifies real zero-point-oscillations, real Casimir force and real VPs and solves the cosmological constant problem – causality with nonlocality is clarified – formation of matter has been derived – the era of cosmic ‘inflation’ has been derived and clarified – the elementary charge, the electroweak couplings and many elementary particles have been derived and explained – the cosmological parameters have been derived fundamentally Thus, the VD clarifies, generalizes and unifies present-day physics. All results are in precise accordance with observation. Thereby, no fit has been executed, and no hypothesis has been introduced. We derive all findings in a systematic, clear and smooth manner. We summarize our results by definitions, propositions and theorems. We are classes from grade 10 or higher, courses, research clubs, enthusiasts, observers, experimentalists, mathematicians, scientists, researchers...BuchBand:1175 69 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Einstein in der Schule – Teil 2 – Unterrichtskonzepte zur allgemeinen RelativitätstheorieDie allgemeine Relativitätstheorie, ART, ist grundlegend für das Denken in Raum und Zeit und daher für viele Schüler*innen interessant. Hier zeige ich, wie Lernende ein Astrofoto aufnehmen, daran die relativistische Lichtablenkung messen und, ausgehend von ihren Basiskonzepten, wesentliche Konzepte der ART entwickeln. Dazu berichte ich über Erfahrungen in den Klassenstufen 5-12. Auch präsentiere ich Material, das für den Unterricht in Astronomie, Physik und Mathematik geeignet ist.Wissenschaftlicher ArtikelBand:55Heft:6108 72