Innovations in Vocational Education and Training a Successful Paradigm Shift within the Dual System in Germany

Abstract

In the 1990s, the system of dual vocational education and training (VET) witnessed the beginning of a restructuring, leading to a paradigm change away from emphasizing the holistic nature of the concept. Instead the work-process orientation was now considered the core asset of the concept. This step came as a surprise because the dual approach with the companies as the contractors for apprentices had implied that training had always been carried through in a practice oriented way on the basis of work-processes. Both educational planners and social partners were apparently convinced that this was no longer the case. It was generally agreed: Vocational training could no longer cater to the requirements of the industry. This article attempts to shed more light on the reasons for the necessity of a reform of the vocational education and training system. In this context central reform steps necessary to secure the future of the VET system (with the dual system as pivotal point) will be presented and discussed by focusing on the work-process orientation. Finally, some critical reflection will be added regarding the transition system which has more and more emerged as a parallel system of the dual system.