Der Einsatz mykorrhizierter Gehölze in biologischen Sanierungsverfahren unter dem Aspekt TNT-belasteter Böden

Abstract

The present work concentrates on the potential application especially of mycorrhizal plants in remediation of TNT-contaminated soils. Provided that plants clean up soils, the following experiments were carried out: :br:The degradation of TNT in rhizosphere soil was tested in experiments with ectomycorrhizal associations of :i: Pinus sylvestris/Pisolithus tinctorius :/i: and :i: Populus tremula/Hebeloma spec.:/i:, cultivated in rhizotron systems. In addition, the investigations involved the ligninolytic white rot basidiomycete :i: Pleurotus ostreatus :/i: which is able to degrade TNT via excretion of lignin and manganese peroxidase. Furthermore, uptake and translocation activity of TNT in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants (:i: Pinus sylvestris/Pisolithus tinctorius :/i:) were examined using ringlabelled :sup:14:/sup:C-TNT. Ectomycorrhiza can be used for effective remediation of soil provided plants and fungi are tolerant or resistant to toxic contaminants. Because less is known of phytotoxicity thresholds of TNT and its metabolites in soils. In this context the effects of TNT and transformation products on growth and development of :i: Pinus sylvestris/Pisolithus tinctorius :/i: mycorrhiza were investigated. :br:The studies allow the conclusion, that mycorrhizal plants have the capacity to remediate TNT-contaminated soils. Most efficiency may be expected at sites with shallow contamination, where TNT and metabolites were treated in the rhizosphere by microbial activity and by root uptake. Uptake, accumulation and binding of TNT and its transformation products into plants seem to be dependent on plant species and plant organs.