Review of Power Converter Topologies for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Frequency domain impedance of Li-ion batteries contains valuable information about the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH). Normally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is performed during the relaxation of battery cells. However, performing EIS during the batteries operation has been achieved through switching power converters. This paper reviews the power converter topologies for both online and offline Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) characterization of batteries. The information that can be extracted from EIS Nyquist plots are discussed. Comparative analysis between converter topologies is presented. Finally, challenges are identified and new converter topologies are proposed for further consideration in online/offline EIS characterization.