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    Item-typ:Veröffentlichung,
    Put That Needle There: Customized Flexible On-Body Thin-Film Displays for Medical Navigation
    Informed by modern imaging techniques, current medical navigation systems support physicians during a variety of interventions, such as needle-based operations. During these, an abundance of information is often displayed on monitors placed in positions that are uncomfortable for the operator to view. In this article, we address these issues with the concept and prototype of a customized flexible display that is placed on the patient’s body to provide the essential information at just the right location. We present an empirical evaluation comparing the flexible display against a control condition using a standard interventional monitor setup and an additional condition that combines both. Our results show that the flexible display significantly reduces task load while improving overall usability. Furthermore, we found indications that the flexible display reduces task completion time while also observing a negative effect on accuracy, which needs to be balanced carefully.
    Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
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      154  81
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    Item-typ:Veröffentlichung,
    Vibro-Band: Supporting Needle Placement for Physicians with Vibrations
    Medical images and navigation systems support physicians during needle-based interventions. As the information is primarily displayed on monitors, the physician's attention is drawn away from the patient's body. To address this issue, we explore the additional use of a vibration wristband that directs the movements for needle-based operations via different vibration patterns on the operator's arm. We conducted a first user study comparing the combination of tactile and visual guidance versus visual-only feedback with 12 participants to investigate the general feasibility. Our results show that task times, usability scores, cognitive load, and accuracy are comparable for both conditions suggesting that vibration feedback is generally suitable for medical navigation tasks and warranting further iteration and research in this direction.
    Konferenzbeitrag
      93  118
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    Item-typ:Veröffentlichung,
    An Interactive-Shoe For Surgeons: Hand-Free Interaction With Medical 2D Data
    During interventions, surgeons often need to review medical imaging data, e.g., CT scans. Usually, surgeons need to rely on an assistant to browse the images because of sterility requirements. Communication with a substitute operator is tedious and error-prone if the operator does not have an equal level of professional experience and might interrupt the workflow. We present a sensor-integrated shoe allowing surgeons to browse and manipulate 2D medical image data by foot movement. It is portable and wearable. The shoe uses an optical sensor taken from an off-the-shelf computer mouse for tracking the foot movements and an additional micro-switch to turn it on or off. We evaluated the performance of the shoe interface against a control condition with assistant together with ten surgeons in an empirical user study. Our results provide first indications for the effectiveness of a shoe interface in this application area.
    Konferenzbeitrag
      124  143
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    Item-typ:Veröffentlichung,
    3D-Modellierung mit interaktiven Oberflächen
    3D models are at the core of many important applications from industry, science, and also entertainment. The creation of 3D models is a complex and time consuming process. Current modeling tools are hard to learn and require a deep understanding of the underlying mathematical models. Furthermore, established input devices like the mouse and keyboard do not utilize the full interaction potential -- especially regarding bimanual control -- of the human hand. The growing interest and the commercial breakthrough of multi-touch displays and interactive surfaces raises questions about their potential in the context of 3d modeling, which are thoroughly discussed and evaluated in this work. The presented approach is closely aligned to the whole processing chain for multi-touch applications, starting with the hardware and tracking issues, continuing with fundamental design discussions and operations like selection and 3D manipulation of objects and finishing with complex modeling techniques and metaphors. In regard to hardware and tracking, a robust illumination setup for the diffuse illumination technique is presented along with two extensions of this approach, i.e., hover detection and hand distinction. The design space is organized into specific design dimensions characterized by extremal positions to allow a better overview of design choices and a classification of existing and future systems. Fundamental techniques for selection and integrated 3D manipulation with six degrees of freedom are presented and empirically evaluated. Finally, two established modeling techniques -- implicit surfaces and virtual sculpting -- are extended and evaluated for multi-touch input.
    Dissertation
      950  305
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    Item-typ:Veröffentlichung,
    Virtual Reality for User-Centered Design and Evaluation of Touch-free Interaction Techniques for Navigating Medical Images in the Operating Room
    Computer-assisted surgery has pervaded the operating room (OR). While display and imaging technologies advance rapidly, keyboard and mouse are still the dominant input devices, even though they cause sterility problems. We present an interactive virtual operating room (IVOR), intended as a tool to develop and study interaction methods for the OR, and two novel touch-free interaction techniques using hand and foot gestures. All was developed and evaluated with 20 surgeons. The results show that our techniques can be used with minimal learning time and no significant differences regarding completion time and usability compared to the control condition relying on verbal instruction of an assistant. Furthermore, IVOR as a tool was well received by the surgeons, although they had no prior experience with virtual reality. This confirms IVOR is an effective tool for user-centered design and evaluation, providing a portable, yet realistic substitution for a real OR for early evaluations.
    Konferenzbeitrag
      123  192