Regenerated cellulose fibres and their composites: From fundamental properties to advanced applications

Despite their good mechanical properties, especially their toughness, there are hardly any industrial applications for regenerated cellulose fibre-reinforced composites (RCFCs) apart from the classic elastomer applications in the automotive sector (tyres and hoses). The present review demonstrates that although there is some research work dealing with RCFCs, the amount of data is considered to be rather low compared to, e.g., natural fibre-reinforced composites. This review paper provides an overview of different regenerated cellulose fibres (RCFs) and their areas of application, as well as the processing of RCFs into RCFCs. It shows a comprehensive comparison of the mechanical properties of different fibre types and semi-finished products in various polymer matrices, an assessment of biodegradation and durability, and an overview of applications. RCFCs demonstrate significant potential for lightweight construction of composite materials, particularly in applications involving surface loads under bending and high toughness, due to their low density and environmental benefits compared to, e.g., glass fibres. However, further optimisation of stiffness and tensile strength is required to enhance their competitiveness for highly stressed composite materials, while increased attention to material perception is essential for successful product development and market adoption. Further research should be focused on standardising processing methods and achievable properties to transfer the technology to advanced industrial applications.