Mata, Rui
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Mata, Rui
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Mata, Rui
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Item type:Publication, Adult age differences in categorization and multiple-cue judgment(American Psychological Association, 2012); ; ; We often need to infer unknown properties of objects from observable ones, just like detectives must infer guilt from observable clues and behavior. But how do inferential processes change with age? We examined young and older adults' reliance on rule-based and similarity-based processes in an inference task that can be considered either a categorization or a multiple-cue judgment task, depending on the nature of the criterion (binary vs. continuous). Both older and young adults relied on rule-based processes in the multiple-cue judgment task. In the categorization task, however, the majority of older adults relied on rule-based processes while young adults preferred similarity-based processes. Moreover, older adults who relied on rule-based processes performed poorly compared with young adults who relied on the same process, suggesting that aging is associated with deficits in applying rule-based processes.journal articleBand:48Heft:448 119 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, When easy comes hard: The development of adaptive strategy selectionCan children learn to select the right strategy for a given problem? In one experiment, 9- to 10-year-olds (N=50), 11- to 12-year-olds (N=50), and adults (N=50) made probabilistic inferences. Participants encountered environments favoring either an information-intensive strategy that integrates all available information or an information-frugal strategy that relies only on the most valid pieces of information. Nine- to 10-year-olds but not older children or adults had more difficulties learning to select an information-frugal strategy than an information-intensive strategy. This counterintuitive finding is explained by children’s less developed ability to selectively attend to relevant information, an ability that seems to develop during late childhood. The results suggest that whether a strategy can be considered “easy” depends on the development of specific cognitive abilities.journal articleBand:82Heft:258 122 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Learning to choose: Cognitive aging and strategy selection learning in decision makingDecision makers often have to learn from experience. In these situations, people must use the available feedback to select the appropriate decision strategy. How does the ability to select decision strategies on the basis of experience change with age? We examined younger and older adults' strategy selection learning in a probabilistic inference task using a computational model of strategy selection learning. Older adults showed poorer decision performance compared with younger adults. In particular, older adults performed poorly in an environment favoring the use of a more cognitively demanding strategy. The results suggest that the impact of cognitive aging on strategy selection learning depends on the structure of the decision environment.journal articleBand:25Heft:291 230