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    Redistribution of education and redistributive effects of education spending in Nigeria
    This study analyses the distribution of education spending and the redistributive ef- fects of education spending in Nigeria. The relevant primary and secondary data col- lected from Nigeria were analyzed using methods and tools for data analysis (descrip- tive statistics methods, concentration index analysis, and analysis based on the Rey- nold s Smolensky (RS) Index of Redistribution). This study establishes the regional, gender, and location biases in primary and secondary school enrolment and comple- tion rates in Nigeria (and the low levels of these indicators of development). However, the study indicates that all these forms of disparities in primary and secondary school- ing are contrary to the tenet of philosophy of education in Nigeria. The Reynold s Smolensky Index of Redistribution is estimated to be -0.12 what indicates that the education-financing system worsens income inequality in Nigeria. This implies that the current education financing system in Nigeria will widen the gaps in income and in access to education, with damaging consequences for equity. The study is con- cluded by recommending appropriate redistributive policy interventions for Nigeria.
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      88  81
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    Income distribution and accessibilty to primary and secondary schools in Nigeria
    This study estimated the relationship between income, income inequality and accessibility to primary and secondary schools in Nigeria. It establishes that there is an unequal access to basic education between the poor and non poor in Nigeria. Household income is an important determinant of access to basic education in Nige- ria. Increase in access to basic education can redistribute income in Nigeria faster than increase in household income. The income redistribution effect of accessibility to sec- ondary school is greater than primary school. This study concludes that a policy aim- ing at equalisation of access to primary and secondary school education might help in reducing income inequality in Nigeria. It recommends among other things, policies and programmes that will increase access to basic education in Nigeria.
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      120  124
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    Progressivity of education spending in Nigeria
    This study examines the distributional impact of education spending in Nigeria. The study made used of primary and secondary data from Nigeria. The relevant data were analyzed by using complex methods and tools (Graphical Analysis, Benefit Incidence Analysis, and Kakwani Progressivity Index Analysis). The study reveals that the rich- est group benefits more than the poorest group in public education expenditure in Ni- geria and they spend more on their children than the poor. The study also demonstrates that education spending in Nigeria is progressive in relative terms, with education spending on primary education being more progressive than for the secondary schools. However, the spending is regressive in absolute terms, meaning that the spending is not well targeted at the poor, hence is not "pro-poor". This study therefore recommends a determined "pro-poor" educational financing policy and a related new system in Nigeria.
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      61  83
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      105  285
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    Marginal benefit incidence analysis of public spending on health services in Nigeria
    The study estimated the marginal benefit incidence (MBI) of government spending on the health service in Nigeria. Benefit incidence (BIA) and Pro- gressivity of Benefit (PB) were analysed by using the Distributive Analysis Stata Package (DASP) 2.1 procedure as indicated in Araar and Duclos (2009). MBI was estimated following the procedure of Ajwad and Wodon (2007). The study made use of the data from the Nigeria Bureau of Statistics (NBS) most recent Living Standard Household Survey conducted in 2004. The data on child vaccination, prenatal and postnatal consultation as contained in the Living Standard Household Survey were used to achieve the objectives of this study. The results of the analysis show that spending on health provision in Nigeria is not pro-poor. Marginal benefit incidence of spending on health services in Nigeria indicates that the poorest group will benefit more on the health services in which their current participation (accessibility) rate is high. The study concludes by making recommendations that can accelerate the speed at which the poor benefit more from particular health services by organ- ising increases in access to health services in Nigeria.
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      74  195
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    Income Sources Diversification: Empirical Evidence from Edo State, Nigeria
    This study reviews the cases of income sources diversification in developing countries and concluded with empirical evidence from Edo state, Nigeria. It shows that non farm income as share of total income in Africa and Latin Amer- ica was 43%, while it was 51% for Asia. The empirical evidence from Edo state in Nigeria indicates that 46% of the people have a well diversified portfo- lio. The evidence from Edo state shows that the major sources of income in Edo state are wages and salary (33%), rent from assets (33%), sales of farm produce (14%) and trading (7%). It also indicates that income increases with level of education, with Junior Secondary school education being the lowest and First degree being the highest. The empirical evidence also indicates gen- erally that income increases with increase in number of income sources and five income sources being the optimum that gives the highest mean income. The regression analysis shows that income sources diversification, education and location are positive and significant determinants of income, while gender has non-significant relationship with income in Edo state. These findings sug- gest that the increase in opportunity for people to diversify their income base will increase their household income. Those opportunities were recommended in this paper.
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      75  82