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Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, The Global Emergence of Social Protection: Explaining Social Security Legislation 1820–2013While comparative welfare state research is mainly directed towards the development of welfare states in advanced democracies, the majority of people live outside the OECD and often face graver social risks arising from poverty and starvation. To secure a minimum standard of living, nearly all countries have introduced social programs to protect their citizens. Yet, the timing of when governments take on the responsibility of providing social protection varies decisively across the world. Based on data for 177 territories and independent states over the period from 1820 to 2013, we illustrate how social security legislation has emerged throughout the world. Although we find that the patterns and pathways vary strongly between different regions, the evidence shows that the proliferation of social protection is a transnational event: regional diffusion and ILO membership matter irrespective of the regional and temporal context.Wissenschaftlicher ArtikelBand:43Heft:4215 412 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item-typ:Veröffentlichung, Religion and the Gender Vote Gap: Women’s Changed Political Preferences from the 1970s to 2010(2014-02-21); For many years women tended to vote more conservative than men, but since the 1980s this gap has shifted direction: women in many countries are more likely than men to support left parties. The literature largely agrees on a set of political- economic factors explaining the change in women’s political orientation. In this article we demonstrate that these conventional factors fall short in explaining the gender vote gap. We highlight the importance of a religious cleavage in the party system across Western European countries, restricting the free flow of religious voters between left and right parties. Given that surveys show us a constantly higher degree of religiosity among women and a persistent impact of religion on vote choice, religion explains a substantial part of the temporal as well as cross-country variation in the transition from the more conservative to the more progressive voting behavior of women.Wissenschaftlicher ArtikelBand:42Heft:295 128